There’s no “real” limit, but we do not recommend going further than 4000 partitions per broker and a maximum of 200 000 partitions per cluster. The ‘4000 partitions per broker’ recommendation is applied to the replicated (and not unique) partitions, so if one has 3 broker clusters with 444 topics with 3 partitions each (1332 unique partitions) and a replication factor of 3, it will be pretty close to that limit.
Check out Aiven developer docs to get the best out of Apache Kafka®.